nir video fear conditioning system  (Med Associates Inc)

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01993

Figure Lengend Snippet: RGS6 in DG NPCs is required for running-induced cognitive improvements in APP SWE mice. (A) Schematic outlining experimental design. Mice were placed in cages containing either fixed (control) or free (running) wheels for 8 weeks. Mice underwent hippocampal-based learning and memory behavioral tasks after 4 weeks (Y-maze [B]) and 8 weeks (Y-maze [C] and contextual fear conditioning (CFC, [D]) of wheel treatment. (B, C) Multi-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, time, and wheel treatment after 4 (B) or 8 weeks (C) of wheel treatment. Top: % Spontaneous alternations— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 16.261, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 52.906, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 19.638, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. Bottom: % Time spent in novel arm— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 30.835, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 22.496, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 7.652, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. (D) Multi-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, and wheel treatment. A significant effect of genotype ( F 3,55 = 6.217, P = 0.001) and its interaction with wheel treatment ( F 3,55 = 3.898, P = 0.013) were observed. No significant effects of sex or wheel treatment were observed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (Fixed wheel: n = 8 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 11 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 12 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice. Free wheel: n = 7 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 9 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 15 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice). DCX: Doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; NPCs: neuronal progenitor cells; RGS6: Regulator of G protein signaling 6.

Article Snippet: For each trial, mice are placed in a fear conditioning box (Med Associates NIR VFC System, Fairfax, VT, USA) with a steel wire bottom.

Techniques: Control, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Frontiers in Genetics

Article Title: Affective phenotypes in heterozygous LRRK2 R1441G knock-in mice

doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1629897

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evidence for depression-related behavioural phenotypes in heterozygous KI +/− mice. (A) All mice showed a preference for the sucrose solution with the percentage of sucrose solution exceeding 50%, but a reduction was evident in the KI +/− group, whose preference was significantly lower than KI +/+ mice ( p < 0.05 *) and marginally below WT mice ( p = 0.06 # ) based on pairwise comparisons by Fisher’s LSD. (B) Latency to shuttle (left) and percentage of escape failures (right) in the conditioned active avoidance task illustrate the impact of prior exposure to inescapable shock versus escapable shock. This difference resulted in a significant main effect of pre-exposure experience (* p < 0.01). (C) Immobility time (as a percentage) across successive 1-min bins on days 1 and 2 are separately depicted, showing earlier and stronger immobility in KI+/− and KI+/+ mice than WT mice (especially on Day 2). (D) Mean immobility time (as a percentage) in the FST is shown for the full 10-min test (bins 1–10, left) and the last 6 min (bins 5–10, right). Both KI+/− and KI+/+ mice exhibited significantly higher immobility than WT mice in post hoc pairwise comparisons ( p < 0.05 *). The SPT and FST were conducted in mice from Cohort A. n = 12 (6♀+ 6♂) per genotype. The LH experiment included mice in both cohorts A and B. n = 12 (6♀+ 6♂) per genotype per pre-exposure condition. All data are presented as the mean ± SE. Overlaid scatter points represent data from individual mice (green dots = ♂; pink dots = ♀).

Article Snippet: Two conditioned freezing chambers (MED-VFC-USB-M, Med Associates, VT, United States) were used.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Genetics

Article Title: Affective phenotypes in heterozygous LRRK2 R1441G knock-in mice

doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1629897

Figure Lengend Snippet: Selected phenotypes in anxiety-related behaviour. (A) The distribution of time spent in the open arms of the EPM relative to time in all arms (in percent) provides a measure of anxiety-like behaviour. A significant difference was detected using Fisher’s LSD test between KI +/− and WT mice (*), while the difference between KI +/− and KI +/+ did not achieve significance (# at p = 0.09). The EPM test included mice in both cohort A and B. n = 24 (12♀+ 12♂) per genotype. Overlaid scatter points represent data from individual mice (green dots = ♂; pink dots = ♀). (B) The expression of conditioned fear to the tone-CS, assessed 48 h after tone–shock pairings, was indexed by percentage time freezing in the tone test. Tone-freezing was continuously tracked for 8 min after the initial 2-min pre-CS period. The data presented are averaged across three consecutive test days (separate plots for each day are presented in ). (C) The expression of foreground contextual fear conditioning was assessed by returning the animals to the shocked context “A” on the first and third days (1A and 3A) and the neutral context “B” on the second and fourth days (2B and 4B) after conditioning. Higher levels of freezing in context “A” relative context “B” supported the expression of context-specific conditioned fear response. For (B,C) , n = 12 (6♀+ 6♂) per genotype. All data are presented as the mean ± SE.

Article Snippet: Two conditioned freezing chambers (MED-VFC-USB-M, Med Associates, VT, United States) were used.

Techniques: Expressing